Germanic Family History and Temple Work: Ancestry Love

Family history + Temple work is a core part of who we, Marnie and David Kuhns, are. After we wrote about our family history research, which led to our October 2024 Germanic family history trip and subsequent Arizona temple experiences, I realized our blogs, experiences, lessons learn, and data were somewhat disconnected and scattered.

This family history summary with links to the appropriate blog posts puts into chronological order all our experiences, including the genealogy research that made it possible to make the connections in Europe, Wisconsin, and elsewhere, that we did. These links also lead to lessons learned in traveling and in family history research.

Going Backwards in Family History: From Wisconsin Back to Bavaria

Kunz Kuhns ancestral home in Markt Falkenberg, Kreis Tirschenreuth, Bayern, Deutschland
Dave’s Family History Lessons From Marnie’s Perspective

Visiting What We’d Known Through Letters: Starke / Dausel / Dehmel Family History From WIsconsin to Kreis Bunzlau, Schlesien, Germany (Now Boleslawiec, Poland)

Once we finished in Falkenberg, Bavaria, we headed north, through Dresden, into western Poland. My father’s maternal grandmother, Bertha Starke (Geerdts), left Kreis Bunzlau, Schlesien, as a teenager in the late 1800s, imigrating to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where she met and married Gustav Geerdts. Part of this trip was to return to the land of her nativity, which is now in western Poland.

Fortunately, “Granny Geerdts” wrote a lot of letters to her mother and relatives in Germany, and to her husband as they were apart. In the late 1990s, I translated and posted these letters, including:

  • The home page of the letters, leading to all the different types of letters she wrote. This also includes photos and maps of the “old country”

Once we arrived in Krasnik Dolny, Boleslaweic, Poland, we were able to meet some folks who could potentially be relatives. These are summaries of our meeting:

Mi Vorvater, Di war Schaffhüse und Zuri Lüt: Marnie’s Family History In Switzerland

An unexpected bonus of this trip was discovering new and deeper information about Marnie’s Swiss family history. In planning the trip, I’d simply wanted to take her across the border into Stein am Rhein, a wonderful town near where I’d served my mission in 1977-78 for the LDS Church. So it was truly a miracle to discover Marnie’s ancestors came from Stein am Rhein.

Further genealogy digging led us from Stein am Rhein to the Grossmunster in Zurich; the Reformed Church in Lustdorf (Kanton Thurgau); Schloss Kyburg in Kanton Zurich; Schoss Von Sulz in Tiengen near Schaffhausen; and more! Marnie’s day-to-day blog posts tracked her family history discoveries, including:

We hope these links will help you discover some of the joy we felt doing a family history tour, as well as the spiritual fulfillment we felt in connecting with our ancestors and doing their Temple work. If you have questions, please contact us at SpiritTreeFarms.com

Special thanks to FamilySearch.org, Ancestry.com, MyHeritage.com, the Hartford (Wisconsin) Historical Society, the Freiberg, Tucson, Mesa, and Gilbert temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, my father Gene L. Kuhns, the Gerhard and Doris Rasp family, Helmut Köstler, Monika Fisher und Agnes Kunz, the Kreis Bunzlau Facebook Family History Page, Alfred Kunz (RIP), and Marnie Kuhns, aka CreationGirl, each of whom played a part in this amazing family history discovery trip!

Nach Hause Family History Trip: Nieder Schönfeld, Kreis Bunzlau, Nieder Schlesien — Now Krasnik Dolny, Boleslawiec, Poland

Family History Trip Part 2: Nieder Schönfeld, Altöls, Kreis Bunzlau in Nieder Schlesien — Starke, Dausel, and Dehmel Families

This is the 2nd part of our family history trip, to present-day Poland (Formerly Nieder Schlesien, Germany). We’re researching where the Starke / Dausel / Dehmel families lived in and around Nieder Schönfeld, Ober Schönfeld, Altöls, and other towns in Kreis Bunzlau, Nieder Schlesien, former Germany. These villages are now Krasnik Dolny, Krasnik Gorny, Stara Oleswia, in the Boleslawiec District, Poland.

The genealogy focus starts with my father Gene Kuhns’ “Granny Geerdts”, Bertha STARKE (Geerdts), and her mother Johanna Anna DAUSEL (Dehmel, then Starke). Bertha STARKE left Nieder Schönfeld / Kreis Bunzlau and came to Milwaukee as a teenager in the early 1890s. It was there she met and married my father’s maternal grandfather, Gustav Martin Carl GEERDTS.

This part of the research tour will also include a Czech DNA relative of my father from about 100 km east of Prague.

[For an overview of the entire family history tour and a in-depth discussion of the Kuhns / KUNZ / MARK line from Kreis Tirschenreuth, Bavaria, find it here.]

Family History Tour in Nieder Schönfeld, Kreis Bunzlau, Nieder Schlesien, Germany
(Krasnik Dolny, Boleslaweic, Poland)

After a lot of research about the Starke / Dausel / Dehmel family in one-time Nieder Schlesien, Germany (now in Boleslaweic district in SW Poland), we finally made it there. My father’s maternal grandmother, “Granny” Geerdts (aka Bertha STARKE Geerdts) was born in and lived in and around Nieder Schönfeld, Kreis Bunzlau, Nieder Schlesien, Germany. Today it’s known as Kraznik Dolny, Boleslawiec District, Poland. Towns she was connected with include Nieder Schönfeld, Neu Schönfeld, Ober Schönfeld (Krasnik Gorny), Alt Öls (Stara Oleszna), and others in that area.

Backstory and Historical Context of STARKE, DAUSEL, and DEHMEL Families in the Nieder Schönfeld and Altöls Areas of Kreis Bunzlau, Nieder Schlesien

Johanna Dausel (Dehmel Starke) of Kreis Bunzlau, Nieder Schlesien, Germany, ca. 1905

When Bertha STARKE left Bunzlau for Wisconsin, USA in the early 1890s, she may have gone with other half-siblings or siblings, including members of the STARKE and DEHMEL families. After she left, her mother Johanna DAUSEL (Dehmel, then Starke) stayed in the area before traveling to Milwaukee to visit. She then lived in Kiel with her son Ernst Starke until she passed away and was buried in Kiel in 1911.

From the letters Johanna wrote, it appears her DAUSEL brothers stayed in the area, including in Altöls. This trip was an attempt to find their graves and more information about them.

Although there is evidence of Starke, Dausel, and Dehmel families in the Kreis Bunzlau area up to and including WW2, no specific connection has been made, nor have other relatives been found.

At the end of WW2, many people from this area of Germany fled because of the advancing Russians. Those who didn’t leave were eventually forced out in the late 1940s as part of the post-war turning over the land to the Poles. As a result, there are no native Germans left in this area. The border city of Görlitz, Germany (former DDR / East Germany) is about 40 km. west of Bunzlau / Boleslaweic. Most of the German cemetaries were destroyed or fell into disrepair. Many of the old buildings were abandoned or fell into disrepair during the Cold War era.

Family History Research in Nieder Schönfeld (Krasnik Dolny) and Altöls, Kreis Bunzlau

Bert DAUSEL and David KUHNS meet at the DAUSEL family monument at the Nieder Schönfeld Lutheran Cemetary in present-day Krasnik Dolny, Boleslaweic, Poland

Because there are still German-speaking people whose parents and grandparents fled Kreis Bunzlau, we were fortunate to have some Family History research help about that area. In particular, the Facebook Group Ahnenforschung Kreis Bunzlau + Umgebung was very helpful. During our trip, group member Sascha Simon, his neighbor (and potential relative — no DNA connection yet) Bert Dausel, and others met us in Krasnik Dolny cemetary, helping us find potential Dausel ancestor places and graveyards.

Fortunately for us, they had been in the area before, which made it very easy to find and get to different sites.

Marnie’s blog about our Family History tour discusses our first full day in Krasnik Dolny (Nieder Schönfeld), especially meeting “cousin” Bert Dausel and Nieder Schlesien researcher Sascha Simon at the Lutheran Cemetary. Bert and Sascha then read the Marie Rothkirch DAUSEL (married to Gottfried DAUSEL) headstone at an old cemetary in Altöls / Stara Oleszna (the blog includes a YouTube video).

Day 7 of our family history / genealogy research trip continues with more extensive cemetary research in Altöls (Stara Oleszna, Boleslaweic District, Poland), including uncovering and taking more photos and videos of headstones from the 1700s and 1800s. Check out that blog here.

Kreis Bunzlau Ahnenforschung Auf Deutsch

Falls Sie Deutsch sprechen, und interessieren Sich für Starke, Dausel, Dehmel Familien in Kreis Bunzlau, können Sie auch bei mir anmelden: da.kuhns at gmail dot com.

Nach Hause Family History Trip –Germany Poland and Switzerland

I’ve been doing family history research on the Kuhns and Geerdts/Starke since the early 1970s. I recently discovered where in the Kuhns/Kunz and Starke Geerdts families came from in Falkenburg Oberpfalz Bayern and Kreis Bunzlau in what is now SW Poland.

Marnie also discovered that her mother’s ancestors came from Kanton Zurich and Thurgau in Switzerland. This blog will chronicle our trip.

Post Trip: I’ve decided to split this blog into at least three parts plus an overview (this page) :

  • The Kuhns / Kunz / Mark / Härtl / Vollath families in and around Falkenberg, Kreis Tirschenreuth, Oberpfalz, Bayern, Germany (related to my Kuhns / Kunz line that came first to Milwaukee, then settling in Hartford, Wisconsin, USA, ca. 1845) (See farther down this page, below).
  • The Starke / Dausel / Dehmel families in and around Nieder Schönfeld, Ober Schönfeld, Altöls, Kreis Bunzlau, Nieder Schlesien, former Germany, now Krasnik Dolny, Krasnik Gorny, Stara Oleswia, Boleslawiec, Poland (related to my father Gene Kuhns’ “Granny Geerdts”, Bertha STARKE (Geerdts), and her mother Johanna Anna DAUSEL (Dehmel, then Starke). Bertha STARKE came to Milwaukee as a teenager in the early 1890s. This will also include a Czech DNA relative of my father from about 100 km east of Prague
  • Marnie’s distant Swiss and German relatives, including Wollrath’s from Stein am Rhein and Lustdorf; von Sulz from Reinau Switzerland and Tiengen, Kreis Waldshut, Baden-Würtenberg, Germany; Lavater from Zürich City and Castle Kyborg in Kanton Zürich, Stampfer from Castle Kyborg; and other information from St. Gallen and Lichtenstein.

There will also be other photos of random site-seeing trips we took, but mostly this blog will focus on Family History / Ahnenforschung.

Nerves about a German trip wie Nie!

The most surprising part of this trip is the incredible amount of nerves I have. Through a series of miracles, I’ve connected with family in Poland and Bavaria, and they have helped me take my family line back farther than ever before. Literally hundreds of years in the last 5 years. This is so important to me, to us, as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. But I find myself being incredibly nervous. What if I mess up? What if I miss something? What if I spend time looking at a castle when I should be in the catacombs of a church researching Church record books? What if I go somewhere and miss going somewhere else?

All these questions have been keeping me up at night. Then Marnie reminded me yesterday: “You can’t screw this up. We have angels on our side. No matter what happens, we will do good work.”

And we’ve already seen those miracles happening. Connecting with people. Connecting with places such as Castle Kyborg (Schloß Kyborg, Kanton Zürich, Switzerland) that Marnie’s ancestor used to live in. Finding places next to tourist places we were going to visit that happened to be part of her family history, the churches are ancestors preached at in the early years of the reformation, just down the street from the Swiss chocolate factory I had scheduled to visit.

The miracles just keep showing up. So why should I be nervous? Great question. Monday morning, 7 Okt. 2024 at about noon, we’re in the Chattanooga airport, getting ready to fly to Charlotte then on to Munich.

Regrets and Second Guessing Ahnenforschung

The first day/night find us recovering in Regenburg. Should I have kept going on to Falkenburg? I don’t know but it’s too late now so we’re going to enjoy that time and find some bakeries and sausage restaurants 🙂

No Regrets Prepping for Ahnenforschung

Oct. 9, 2024, Regensburg, Bavaria — About an hour south of where my KUNZ MARK HÄRTL and other ancestors came from in Falkenberg bei Tirschenreuth, all questions of “should we have gotten closer” were erased. We walked about 5 miles in Munich. By the time we were driving to Regensburg, I was falling asleep on the Autobahn. Not good. So at about 3 p.m. we got into our hotel room, took showers (LONG flights do that!), took a good 2.5 hour “nap”, and then went out into the Regensburg evening.

One of my favorite “meals” as a missionary in Germany and Switzerland was to buy some Kaiser rolls, cheese and meat coldcuts, and some soft cheese, and make a sandwich. OH, of course you HAVE to have some berry/cherry fruit juice mit Sprüdel (seltzer). AND some zwetschenkuchen (plum cake pastry), so we saw a supermarket near our hotel, bought all that, and then went into Regensburg.

I was planning on taking Marnie to the Historisches Wursthaus, the oldest continuously operating restaurant in the world (500+ years?) but it was too late, so we sat at the Cathedral in a light rain and enjoyed the Brötchen and pastries. Marnie looked VERY European (in fact, her black and white checked hat matched the coat of someone staying at our hotel. Fashionista!!!)

The pain and tiredness of the jet lag hit at about 9 p.m. But a melatonin and aspirin put me right — a GOOD night’s sleep!

What does all of this have to do with family history? A LOT! I could have gone on to Falkenberg, pushed ourselves to our limits. And we would have been grumpy, sore, and probably made a BAD first impression on the people we’re meeting. This way, we feel like we’re “in synch” with what’s going on.

OH, just a word to the wise: Get a couple hundred Euros IN THE USA. Don’t do it at the airport, and don’t expect to do it at a bank. I’ve got a ton of cash in my pocket, and can’t exchange it anywhere because the bank I was going to use (DB has an agreement with BA) is … CLOSED TODAY (Wednesday). So we still haven’t exchanged our money! AND the credit cards aren’t working like they should. Sort of weird… but we’ll work through it.

WHY THIS FAMILY HISTORY TRIP TO GERMANY AND SWITZERLAND?

The thought keeps hitting me (as I’ve said before) — “What if I don’t do “enough”?” Not going to happen. Not only will I connect (I already have), but I’m also getting a BIG feeling that I’m “preparing the way”. I’m certain that the connections I make here will help others of my family (on both sides of the Atlantic) to connect with each other. It’s like what happened in Norway, when I went there. Relatives in Norway now are connected and have visited with other relatives in Canada and the USA.

So that’s part of my “job” here. AND the connections I’ve made on Facebook, with the Ahnenforschung groups from Schlesien and Oberpfalz, are already proving to be EXTREMELY valuable!

Was Ich Über Bayrische Familiesuche Schon Vergessen Habe

Oberpfalz Bavaria Family History Names: Kuhns /Kunz, Fahrnbauer, Fischer, Kaufman, Schneider, Mark, Vollath, Peiml, Bogner, Fränkl, Tremmler / Treml, Menzl, Konz / Cuntz / Cunz, Müller, Hönig, Weiß, Härtl, Döberl, Klinger, Ziegler, Lindner, Schmid, Kellner, Ockl / Ockhel, Zintl, Buchner, Zeidler, Kern, Scharnagl, Busl, Höfler families in and around Falkenberg, Kreis Tirschenreuth, Stiftland, Oberpfalz, Bayern, Germany

Section 1: The Kuhns / Kunz / Mark / Härtl / Vollath families in and around Falkenberg, Kreis Tirschenreuth, Oberpfalz, Bayern, Germany (related to my Kuhns / Kunz line that came first to Milwaukee, then settling in Hartford, Wisconsin, USA, ca. 1845)

Day 2: Arrival in Falkenberg, meeting the Rasp Familie, Finding the Kunz and Mark Family Homes

Als wir in Falkenberg oops as we arrived at Falkenberg, I was not prepared to have to drink from a maily history fire hose! So many miracles happened, so much good happened, it was amazing. I felt soooo blessed. (although I was really REALLY happy we’d taken the first day to recover.

Following the Family History Spirit and Inspiration

As we were driving to Falkenberg, I realized I was about an hour early, so we (I) decided to drive through the town, (here is the YouTube video of our first drive into Markt Falkenberg) then look for Bodenreuth, a small “Dorf” where my father’s father’s great-grandmother Viktoria MARK was born. Earlier, I was told that there was still a “Mark” family Hof (barn, house, land) in Bodenreuth. So we went out to look. We drove through the town. There were probably 6-8 farmhouses there. We didn’t know which one it was, so we filmed the entire town, turned around, then left.

As we were leaving, we passed two Bavarian farmers standing by a big green tractor (not that type). We drove away, but as we did, I had the distinct impression “You need to go back and talk to them.” I argued with myself,. gave me all sorts of reasons why I shouldn’t, then told Marnie.
She said “Turn around. Listen to me. Turn around.”
So I did.

I could tell they weren’t too certain about why I was asking them which house was the Mark Hof, but after I expeained who I was, they loostened up and said “It’s the Hof right next to where we are standing.” Big pink house, (Wästl?), easy to find. Nobody was home, but we were able to take some photos. First example of MANY examples of “listening”.

Later on, I made another video of the photos and videos we took around the MARK Haus in Bodenreuth:

Familie MARK Haus in Bodenreuth, Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany

Meeting German Relatives For The First Time and Looking At Falkenberg Church Books

After we checked into our GREAT room (Unter der Burg in Falkenberg), we met with “Cousin” Gerhard RASP, born in Falkenberg but living in Kreisstadt Tirschenreuth, and his wife Doris and son Leopold, to serve as a translator for Marnie. We also went to the Catholic church in Falkenberg, and there met Herr Helmut Köstler, the local family history expert (more about him and his work later!)

He took us over to the parish offices, where he produced church books, and showed us the Mark, Vollath, Kunz, and other lines. He also handed me a bunch of other papers that had my family history that had gone to the USA (which I had most of) as well as other KUNZ lines that I didn’t know about. I was overwhemed. It was like drinking from a fire house, so I figured I’d look at those papers when I got home. There was A LOT!

Here is the video of our time with Gerhard Rasp and Herr Helmut Köstler in the Catholic Church offices, looking at the Church records:

(Post Note: Something kept nudging me to look at the papers BEFORE I left Falkenberg. Am I glad I did! Turned out that I have LIVING relatives at the Kunz ancestral home in Falkenberg. We were able to meet them and have a wonderful time together, on the last day of our stay in Falkenberg. Imagine if I hadn’t “listened” to that simple nudge to look at the papers Herr Köstler wrote up for me!)

Then, we took a walk through the town to the cemetary. As we walked up to the cemetary, Herr Köstler showed me a mound of dirt in front of a newer house and barn. “That,” he said, “is where the KUNZ Erb home (ancestral home) used to be for years”. What I didn’t hear (and what I found out later, thanks to the “nudge”) is that there was still a (born) KUNZ woman who lived near / on the property. More about THAT later!

In order to “find” these relatives, as you’ll see in the video, we wandered through the farm, then went through a barn, then knocked on a downstairs door, and met her husband, then went upstairs where she lived … but she wasn’t there. I told the man we would come back later in the afternoon (after spending one more morning with the Rasp family).

We almost didn’t. I wanted to get “on the road”, but something kept telling me “you need to keep your word that you would go back later today.” I’m VERY glad we did, not only for the additional information we received, but also for the connections we made meeting these wonderful women. (and getting to eat AMAZING German baking, including a fresh-out-of-the-oven Apfelkuchen.

Here is the video about not only seeing the KUNZ ancestral Haus, but meeting relatives who still own the property and live next to it! (Most of the video was shot on the last day in Falkenberg). It was truly a “Kuhns Family Reunion” — ok, KUNZ family reunion.

Monika KUNZ (Fischer), her daughter Waltraut Fischer-Strigl, me, and Agnes KUNZ

Falkenberg Cemetary Family History, Followed By Traditional German Dinner

We took some photos of graves (nothing really old; the old cemetary had been built over when they rebuilt the Church down in the village, and changed the angle of how it “sat”. But, I was able to take some fotos of the graves of Otto KUNZ, Vollath, and others related to me.

I think the most notable part of all of this is when a cherubic/angelich woman came up to us. She had heard about (as everyone had) “The visitors from America”, and wanted to meet us. As I was telling her about everything we were doing, and how we had found Gerhard Rasp and other relatives, and learned about the Kuhns ancestoral home(s), she said, her angelic face beaming: “Viellicht had den Heiligen Geist etwas damit zu tun.” (Maybe the Holy Spirit had something to do with it.)

I looked at her, and I knew she understood the Spirit of Elijah. The Spirit was so strong as I felt the truthfulness of her words, and what I said next: “‘Something’ to do with it?!? The Holy Ghost, Heavely Father and Jesus have EVERYTHING to do with it!”

She beamed and shook her head enthusiastically in agreement. It was exactly what I needed today, a day when I was wonder if I was doing enough.

Afterwards, we went out to dinner with the Rasp family. We were in a small Bavarian Gast Haus, and it was great. It was also the first time that I felt like there were people in the village who knew that we were there, without us telling them. Several people at a table in the restaurant waved and said hello to us, and said “You’re the Americans, right?”

Turns out Herr Kóstler not only knows everything, but every body! Examples kept happening throughout our stay in Falkenberg. I was needing to get some Euros, and happened to meet Herr Köstler on the street. We walked over to the bank together, where he introduced me to the manager, who was just opening up. I introduced myself and started to explain who I was. He stopped me and said: “Oh, I know who you are! My brother told me. He lives in the Haus your ancestors left so many years ago.”

Another time: On the last day, we went to a small bakery near our place, to get (of course) some more delicious baked goods. As I was leaving, I noticed two older women sitting at a table, just finishing their morning bakery and Kaffee. I felt really strongly I should say (to the bakery owner): “Oh, by the way, my ancestors used to live in that house right over there.” and I pointed to Markplatz 4. One of the older women said “Ach, SIE sind die Jenigen! Wir haben schon gehört! Wilkommen!” [Oh, YOU are the ones! We’ve already heard! Welcome!]

After dinner, in front of the Gasthof, we took our leave for the evening from the Rasp family. In Germany, it is customary to shake hands when leaving a group of people (or even another person). But this felt different, so I asked “How should we take our leave?” Gerhard threw his arms out wide and said “We are relatives!” and gave me a big hug!

Does Connection Depend on What You Wear?

Sidebar note: As Gerhard, Herr Köstler, and I were working through the Church books, Marnie and Doris were on the other side of the table, just chatting away. They seemed to really hit it off, and for that I was very grateful. Marnie has been a trouper on all this family history work, but I know sometimes she gets bored. So it was great to have someone to be bored with!

One of the most humorous moments was when Doris stood up to go into the other room. I stopped her and said, “Ok, this is really amazing. Marnie, please stand up. ” They looked at me like “What are you talking about”, but eventually I convinced them to stand together.

There, side by side, were two women from half a planet away, who’d never met each other, and they were both wearing black sweaters/tops and grey-checked slacks.

It was just hysterical.

Family History Day 3: Pleisdorf, Neustadt a.d. Waldnaab, Meeting the Vollath Family Historian

In doing family history, it’s been my experience that, in every family, in every generation, there is usually at least one person who takes it upon themselves to not only research their family tree, but also to preserve the records. This was certainly the case as Gerhard Rasp and I went to Pleisdorf, a small farming “Dorf” not far from Falkenberg.

While there, we followed information we’d received about where the VOLLATH family farm was (Viktoria MARK Kunz’ mother, Anna Marie Vollath, was probably born there). As we walked through the main yard, past the tractor, a woman answered our “Hallo!”. She was the wife of Herr Vollath, who lived on the same farm that the family had lived on since the 1600s or earlier.

We briefly saw Herr Vollath (he was busy doing farm things), but we thought we’d take photos with him later (unfortunately, we didn’t). But Frau Vollath invited us up to their newer home, still on the property. We sat down in her kitchen; she gave us something to drink, and then produced a bag of SCROLLS of family history.

It was like walking into a giant family history library! As she unrolled each hand-written scroll, she told us how she had done the research at the Archives, and then written down the connections. Each red circle on the scroll showed the people who were the heirs to the property.

Again, feeling “pushed” to do more than just take photos of the Haus got us even more information that we probably wouldn’t have gotten otherwise.

Here is a video of our trip, discussing what meeting and researching with Frau Vollath meant to Gerhard and I.

Catching Up On Family History Trips

My objective to keep a daily journal of our family history trip through Europe slipped through my fingers. Fortunately, Marnie was able to keep a daily journal and record of what we did, so I’ll use that as a basis to catch up.

The day after our return to Chattanooga / Northwest Georgia (home), I felt like I should write the people / relatives / friends we met on the trip and thank them for their help. The first person we met in Falkenberg was Herr H. Köestler, sort of the town’s historian. Here is the copy in German of the letter I wrote; it summarizes (in short outline form) everything we did on the trip:

Sehr geehrter Herr Köstler:
Wir sind Gestern spät in Chattanooga angekommen. American Airlines hat unser Gepäck verloren, und wir warten zu Hause immer noch darauf. So geht’s manchmal.
Ich / Wir (Marnie und Ich) wollen Sie wiedermals herzlichen Dank sagen, fúr alle Bemühungen, was Sie für uns gemacht haben. Sie sind ein echt Engel (oder Wunder) Gottes.

  • Fast alles, was wir in Falkenberg gesehen und von meine Vorfahren gelernt haben, UND noch die Verwandten KUNZ, die ich getroffen habe, ist wegen Ihrer Arbeit. Als ich mit meine Geschwister und Vater und anderen KUNZ / MARK Verwandten darüber erzählte, konnten wir alle nicht glauben, was auf dieser Reise passiert ist. Es ist wirklich ein Wunder, und das Wunder ist wegen Ihrer Arbeit und Untersuchung. So, danke wieder vielmals!
  • Ich werde über unsere Reise in den nächsten Tagen eine Blogpost schreiben. Als wir Falkenberg hinter uns verliessen, sind wir nach Polen (ehemaliger Kreis Bunzlau). Dort hatten wir auch Erfolg; eine möglicherweise weit entfernte Verwandte von mir hat uns dort getroffen, und wir haben zwei alte Friedhöfer besucht und geputzt, und Dörfer besucht, wo die Großmutter meiner Vater zu Hause war.
  • Nach zwei Tagen in Polen sind wir nach Freiberg gefahren, um unseren Tempel (die Kirche Jesu Christi der Heiligen der Letzten Tage) zu besuchen.
  • Dann sind wir nach Prag gegangen und haben dort zwei DNA Verwandte kennengelernt (Vater und Tochter).
  • Dann sind wir nach Salzburg gefahren, um den Orten zu sehen, wo die Mutter meiner Frau 1953 besucht hat (Mozarts Geburtsort, u.a.).
  • Am nachsten Tag sind wir nach Stein am Rhein (Schweiz) gefahren, um zu sehen, wo einige Vorfahren meiner Frau geboren wurden.
  • Am Sonntag sind wir zuerst in Schaffhausen, Schweiz, zur Kirche gegangen. Weiter sind wir nach Tiengen (Kreis Waldshut), wo wir eine private Durchführung zum Schloß der Familie von Sulz bekommen haben. Durch Ahnenforschung meint meine Frau, sie sei von den von Sulz Familie abgestammt.  
  • Dann weiter nach Reinau und den Grossmünster in Zürich, wo Marnies Vorfahren gepredigt haben, und wo ein Hans Rudolf LAVATER, Marnies ca. 12-Urgrossvater, Bürgermeister von Zürich war.
  • Am Montag sind wir nach Lustdorf (Kanton Thurgau) und Schloß Kyburg (Kanton Zürich wieder), wo Herr Lavater Landvogt war. Da haben wir auch eine private Durchführung bekommen, und Marnie hat alte gemalte “Bilder” von zwei ihrer Vorfahren (Herrn Stampfen/Stampen) von 1495 und mitten in den 1500s) gesehen, und auch viel historisches über ihre Familie gelernt.
  • Am Dienstag sind wir nach Lichtenstein gefahren, um zu lernen, ob es noch Sulz Information dort gab. Nichts gefunden. Dann nach St. Gallen (Schweiz), wo Marnie’s Urgroßeltern (14. Generation zurück) gelebt haben.
  • Spät am Dienstag und den ganzen Mittwoch, den letzten zwei Tage unserer Reise, sind wir zum Schloß Neuschwanstein, Oberammergau und Garmisch-Partenkirchen gefahren, wo Marnies Mutter für die Hochzeitsfeier besucht hat.

WOW!  Ich bin schon müde, an alles zu erinnern! Und so ist es gegangen. Wiedermals, VIELEN DANK!, und wir werden sicherlich in Kontakt bleiben.

Summary of the Germany / Poland / Czech / Swiss Family History Trip

This is the (loose) English translation of my letter to Herr Köstler summarizing what we did after we left Falkenberg and Tirschenreuth, Bavaria:

Dear Mr. Köstler:
We arrived late in Chattanooga yesterday. American Airlines lost our luggage and we are still waiting for it at home. That’s how it goes sometimes.
I/we (Marnie and I) want to thank you again for all the efforts you made for us. You are a real angel (or miracle) of God.

  • Almost everything we saw in Falkenberg and learned from my ancestors, AND the KUNZ relatives I met, is because of your work. When I told my siblings and father and other KUNZ / MARK relatives about it, none of us could believe what happened on this trip. It really is a miracle, and the miracle is because of your work and research. So, thank you very much again!
  • I will write a blog post about our trip in the next few days. As we left Falkenberg behind us, we went to Poland (former Bunzlau district). We were successful there too; a possible distant relative of mine met us there; we visited and cleaned two old cemeteries and visited villages where my father’s grandmother lived. (Here is the Family History tour blog about that part of the trip.)
  • After two days in Poland we went to Freiberg to visit our temple (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints).
  • Then we went to Prague and met two DNA relatives there (father and daughter).
  • Then we went to Salzburg to see the places my wife’s mother visited in 1953 (Mozart’s birthplace, among others).
  • The next day we went to Stein am Rhein (Switzerland) to see where some of my wife’s ancestors were born and lived.
  • On Sunday we first went to church in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. Then we went to Tiengen (Waldshut District) where we got a private tour of the von Sulz family castle. Through genealogical research my wife believes she is descended from the von Sulz family.
  • Then we traveled on to Reinau and the Grossmünster in Zurich, where Marnie’s ancestors preached, and where a Hans Rudolf LAVATER, Marnie’s ca. 12-great-grandfather, was mayor of Zurich.
  • On Monday we went to Lustdorf (Canton Thurgau) and Kyburg Castle (Canton Zurich again), where Mr. Lavater was governor. There we also got a private tour, and Marnie saw old painted “pictures” of two of her ancestors (Mr. Stampfen/Stampen) from 1495 and the mid-1500s, and also learned a lot of history about her family.
  • On Tuesday we went to Lichtenstein to see if there was any Sulz information there. Nothing found. Then to St. Gallen (Switzerland), where Marnie’s great-grandparents (14 generations back) lived.
  • Late Tuesday and all day Wednesday, the last two days of our trip, we went to Neuschwanstein Castle, Oberammergau, and Garmisch-Partenkirchen, where Marnie’s mother visited in the early 1950s for her honeymoon.

WOW! I’m already tired of remembering everything! And so it went. Again, THANK YOU SO MUCH! and we will certainly keep in touch.

Family History Thank You Nach Bayrischen Art / Bavarian Style

Family history trip catchup is hard to do! I keep getting the impression to create “thank you” videos and notes, so that’s what I did today (Nov. 4, a week after our return). The importance of Gerhard and Doris Rasp of Tirschenreuth, on this family history trip, can’t be underestimated. I met Gerhard (my cousin 4x removed) a few years ago, and have planned this genealogy trip with him, because of him, and through him, ever since. He was a HUGE impact on my part of the trip.

Even more important was the role his wife Doris played in making certain Marnie was connected to the experience and didn’t feel left out. Doris’ English is great, so Marnie was able to do cultural exploration not only with Doris, but with their University-student son Leopold. Marnie asked a lot of questions, and got a lot of new insights and perspectives. And the food they gave us, and the Gemütlichkeit! We didn’t have to buy food for the entire time we were in Falkenberg!

Here’s the YouTube video thank you I created with lots of photos of them, as they gave us tours of Falkenberg, Tirschenreuth, Bodenreuth, and elsewhere:

Wow. That’s a lot to unpack! Stay tuned!

Freiberg Germany Temple Experience With KUNZ Ancestor

As I bore my testimony in church today, I realized I hadn’t relayed one of the most significant events about our trip: The Freiberg Temple veil experience.

First, let’s admit that the entire trip was amazing; truly a miracle. The people we met, the records we found, the people who helped us, the records that people created without knowing we were coming — all were miracles. It’s clear that the gathering of Israel is happening at a “drinking from a firehouse” pace on both sides of the veil.

But I was reminded again of what happened at the Temple. I was privileged to take Sebastian KUNZ, the father of Johan Kuhns, (my ancestor who immigrated to Wisconsin,) through the temple. Marnie had mentioned before the trip how cool it was (amazing) that he would be able to hear the endowment in his native language of German. Even more, for me, was the miracle of the Freiberg temple, built in East Germany, less than 2 hours away from where Sebastian KUNZ, Johan’s father, was born, raised his family, and died in Falkenberg, Tirschenreuth, Bavaria, Germany.

During the Temple ceremony, I think I was focusing so much on UNDERSTANDING the German, that I really failed to FEEL my ancestor’s presence. In fact, I remember at one point being disappointed, because usually I can feel their presence, their love, their acceptance of what is going on, and how grateful they are for me doing their work. There was a little bit of that, but not like what I expected.

Then the end of the Endowment session happened. Although I’d done the ceremony hundreds of times before, it was always in English. So I had to have a prompt card. 

The ceremony is too sacred to repeat , and I am very cautious about what I want to say. But let’s say this: As I spoke the words, I could barely speak. I felt like Sebastian was there, approving of what was going on. The emotion was so strong, at one point the assistant asked if I wanted to do it in English. I said, “Ich kann das auf Deutsch” (I can do it in German). because I felt very strongly that I needed to continue in English.

Easily the most powerful part was when Priesthood blessings are involved, and we think about our posterity. I’ve always gone through that part of the Temple thinking about my descendants, and the blessings for them. But this time, as I was going through, for my ancestor, I realized that he was invoking those blessings on ME, his posterity! I’d never heard or felt it like that before, and I cried so hard I could barely breathe.

Amazing, amazing experience. — Dave KUHNS, great great x5 or 6 grandson of Sebastian KUNZ.

Family History and Temple Work Update

A few months after our trip to Bavaria, Poland, Switzerland, and other parts of Europe, Marnie and I had the opportunity to do temple work in the LDS Temples in Arizona, especially Tucson. You can read about those amazing spiritual experiences here.

Letters from Immigrant Bertha Starke Geerdts — Schlesien, Germany to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA und Züruck

Letters from an Immigrant — America to

Germany und Züruck 

Bertha Starke Geerdts

NOTE: This CyranoWriter page is a copy of old Starke family history pages I made in Geocities. Many of the links don’t yet work. I’m trying to fix them.

Born in Neu Schönfeld, Bunzlau, Schlesien, Germany, on 11 January 1871, Anna Bertha Starke grew up in Schönfeld. She started school in Nieder Schönfeld in 1877, graduating 28 March, 1885. The next day, she was confirmed a member of the Evangelische (Lutheran) Church in Schönfeld by Pastor Werner.

Sometime between then and 1890,Bertha Starke, still a teenager, left her parents, siblings and homeland, and took the long journey across the Atlantic, then half way across the USA, to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She began to settle down, but her family was always in her mind, and she wrote them often.

Following are letters between Bertha and her mother, Johanna Dousal (Dausel?) Dehmel Starke (Click here for a photo / Klicken Sie hier fuer ein Foto). They also include letters from Bertha’s friends and siblings in and near Schönfeld, Bunzlau and Alt Öls, Schlesien (Silesia), Germany; Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin; and Rockton, Wisconsin. For ease of downloading, they are divided into three main sections (to return to the beginning of this site, look for the “home” hyperlinks!)

INTRODUCTION & ORIGIN

The following letters were in the papers of Alice Geerdts Ehlers, the oldest daughter of Bertha Starke Geerdts, and the Granddaughter of Johanna Starke. They were written in old German script (Schrift), and were read by a German woman into a cassette recorder in November, 1993/August, 1994. They were then transcribed and translated into English by David Kuhns, great-grandson of Bertha Starke Geerdts. The original German letters are in his possession, as are the German transcriptions.

TRANSLATION

In the case where the English reads somewhat stilted, it is the nearest translation to the original verbiage. The original German, better translations of the meanings, as well as editorial comments and explanations, are included in (parentheses and italics) Where there are gaps, or illegible handwriting, these are indicated by (???) question marks.

RELATIONSHIPS

Please refer to the family pedigree of her youngest daughter Bertha Geerdts Kuhns, which gives, as near as can be told from the letters and other documents, the relationship of most of the people in the letters to Bertha Starke Geerdts. Most of the letters, especially in the last half of this book, were written to her by her Mother, Johanne (or Johanna) Caroline Dausel Starke, from Kiel, Germany, or from her husband, Gustav Geerdts, from Milwaukee. The origin and destination of the letters are indicated before the date, in (italics and parentheses).
For a picture of much of the Geerdts family in 1927, click here (Bertha Starke Geerdts is on the extreme right, top row. Also in FamilySearch, here). For a picture of the extended Geerdts and Dehmel families (Dehmel’s were Bertha’s step-brother’s children from Cedarburg) in 1927, click here.

GEOGRAPHY

Kiel is a major port on the North Sea, in the extreme northern part of modern-day Germany.
Kreis Bunzlau, Schoenfeld (Schönfeld) (Ober- and Nieder Schönfeld) and Alt Öls, the original homeland/hometown area of the Starke family, was in Silesia (Schlesien), part of Germany, but is now in Poland, just north and east of the Germany, Czech and Polish borders’ intersection.

According to www.schlesien.de, a web site about the region, “Altöls” is now “Stara Oleszna” in Poland. In 1939 it had 638 residents. Bunzlau (Stadt) is now “Boleslawiec”, Poland; in 1939 it had 21,946 residents.

For a map to Stara Oleszna and Boleslawiec, click here; click on the “back” button to return. For an 1882 map of Silesia (Schlesien), go to this web site. For a description of Ober- and Nieder-Schoenfeld (Schönfeld), click here (Bertha went to school in Nieder Schönfeld from 1877 to 1885).

Milwaukee, Wisconsin is on the western shore of Lake Michigan; Sheboygan, Wisconsin is about 40 miles north of Milwaukee. Medford is in Taylor County, near Eau Claire, in the West part of Wisconsin; Rockton is south and slightly east of La Crosse, also in western Wisconsin.

Bertha Starke Geerdts — The New Immigrant’s Early Years: 1890 – 1900

Embossed Letter

Geliebe Schwester!

Aus weiter Ferne komm auch ich mit Schwesterlichen aufrichtigem Herzen, um dir am heutigen Tag einen Gluckwunsch zu bringen! Teure Schwester! Es ist dein vierzehntes lebens jahr, da du aus der Schule scheidest, und in die Zahl der Erwachsene aufgenommen wirst! Und die Kinderschule ausziehst. Ich schenke dir Gesundheit, Gluck, und ein zufriedenes Herz! Viellicht hast du mehr Gluck als ich. Ja, wenn mann zuruckdenkt, so muB mann sagen. Wo ist die Zeit? Nur hin. Die Sturme des Lebens sausen an uns voruber. Der Mensch ist wie ein Schiff, daB von Wellen getrieben wird. Geliebte Schwester! Wenn du magst, daB ich mal komm von Heiligen Abend, was fur ein Gefuhl des Glucks! Mann ohne reicht…was fur ein Bose Welt. Und versicherung ausgesetzt. Den es noch vergohnt ist, teil zunehmen. Denke deine Geschwister in weiter Ferne! Nur noch kurze Zeit, dann sehen wir uns. Versage nicht wie dir in deisem Leben das Geschicke den Kelch des Kummers reicht. Zittere nicht, wenn Sturme dich umgehen, ja wenn der Schlaf von deine Lager weicht. (She’s quoting a Hymn). Holt und Mutig zu dem Freud verbrannt Gelte, was nun deinen Gluck LaB dich in deines Vater’s Handen, dein Gram, und das verlorene Gluck, dein dichliebende Schwester, Pauline.

(Embossed letter, no date, probably about January, 1885, when Bertha Starke was 14. From her half-sister (???) Pauline, in Wisconsin, to Germany?)

Dearly loved sister! From a great distance I also come with sisterly sincere heart, to bring you on this day a wish of good luck! Precious sister! It is your 14th year of life, so you’ll leave the school and be taken up in the count of the grownups! And take off the child’s shoes. I give you good health, happiness and a peaceful heart. Maybe you’ll have more good fortune than I have had. Yes, when one thinks back so must one say: Where is the time? Only always behind us. The storms of life flood over us. The man is like a ship, that is driven from the waves. Loved sister! When you want to, that I would come for Christmas Eve, what a feeling of luck! One without riches … what an evil world. And nothing certain. Some it is given, to take part. Think of your siblings far away! Only a short time, then we’ll see each other. (she now quotes a hymn): “Don’t avoid how the fate hands you the cup of sorrow. Don’t tremble, when storms crash around you, yes, when sleep vanishes from your bed chamber. Grab hold, and be courageous to the burning goal of joy, what your good fortune will be left in your Father’s hands, your grandparents, and that lost good fortune!” Your loving sister, Pauline.

Bunzlau, den 9.1.1890

Liebe Schwester! Die Herzlichen Gluckwunsche bringe ich dir zu dienem neuzehnten Wiegenfeste aus den elften Januar. Ich wunsche dir Gesundheit und viel Gluck, Wohlergehen und langes Leben. Verlebe dem Tag recht glucklich, und ich werde ihm im Herzen feiern! Ich bin Gott sei Dank auch munter und Kreuzfidel. Ich wunsche, daB dich mein Schreiben beim besten Gesundheit antreffen moge. Unter herzlichen GruBe verbleibe ich dein treuer Bruder, Otto Starke! Viele GruBe an Fritz, Matthilde und Gustav! Ich wunsche dir doch 999,999 mal dauerndes “lebe Hoch!” Das ganz Hamburg wachelt, wenn du fur Freude den Beinen zuppelst. Gute Nacht, lebe Schwester, es ist elf Uhr! Bitte eine baldige Antwort. (next to the letter, a small card: “Herzlichen Gluckwunsche” and a scene on the front: on the back:)

Frohe wache jeden Morgen,

Froh erfuhle deine Flicht

Wo du gehst flieh Gramm und Sorgen,

Und dir bluh’ VergiBtmannicht

(From Otto Starke to his sister Bertha Starke (in Wisconsin?)

Bunzlau, 9 January, 1890

Dear sister! The heartiest wishes of joy I bring you to your nineteenth birth festival on January 11th. I wish you good health and much joy, a good life and a long one. Pass the day in happiness and joy, and I will celebrate it in my heart. I am, God be thanked, also well and in good shape. I wish, that my writings meet you in the best of health. Under heartiest greetings I remain, your true-blue brother, Otto Starke! Many greetings to Fritz, Matthilde and Gustav! I wish to you 999,999 times lasting “lebe Hoch” (Prost!)(Live well!) The entire city of Hamburg rocks, when you swing your legs for joy! Good night, dear sister, it is eleven o’clock! Please, a quick answer! (following the letter, a small birthday’s card, with “Heartiest wishes for joy” and a scene on the front; on the back, a printed poem:) Wake up joyful every morning

Joyfully do your duty that looms

Where you go, flee sorry and worry,

And for you, Forget-me-nots bloom!

Otto Starke

9.1. 1891, Bunzlau

Liebe Schwester Bertha! Da Heut dein Geburtstag ist, so will ich auch nicht verzeumen, dir meine innigsten Gluckwunsche dazubringen. Der liebe Gott schenke dir stetts Gesundheit und was dich erfreuen kann! Liebe Schwester! Besuche uns doch ein Mal! Wir wurden uns herzlich alle freuen! Unsere lieben Eltern sind ja noch Gott sei dank munter! Besten Dank fur die Neujahrskarte und fur den Schlips! Ich habe Ostern dann noch ein Jahr zu lernen. Wie schnell vergeht doch die Zeit. Sonnst bin ich auch noch ganz fiedel. Nun, liebe Schwester, wunsche ich dir von Herzen ein recht vernugten Tag. Ich feiere ihn im Herzen! Ich schlieBe in der Hoffnung, daB dich die Parzeillen bei besten Gesundheit antreffen moge, sogleich mit der Bitte, mir doch einmal zu schreiben. Die herzlichen GruBe von deinem dichliebende Bruder, Otto. Viele GruBe an Familie Starke!

(from Otto Starke to his sister Bertha Starke in Milwaukee)

9 January, 1891, Bunzlau

Dear Sister Bertha! Since today is your birthday, I want to also not neglect to bring you my innermost wishes of joy. May the loving God give you always good health and that which makes you happy! Dear sister! Visit us one time! We would all be heartily joyful! Our dear parents are yes, still – God be thanked – doing well. Many thanks for the new year’s card and for the tie! At Easter I will have still a year to study. How quickly the time passes. Otherwise I am still completely fine. Now, dear sister, I wish you from my heart a real comfortable day. I will celebrate it in my heart! I close in the hope, that the package will find you in the best of health, and also with the request, that you’ll write me once. The heartiest greetings from the brother who loves you, Otto. Many greetings on the Starke family!

GruB aus Bunzlau, den 10.1. 1892

Liebe Schwester! Aus Bruderliche Liebe kann ich nicht umhin, dir eine kleine Gratulation dazubringen, und wunsche dir von Herzen, Gesundheit, Gluck, und was sonnst noch dein Herz erfreuen kann. Liebe Schwester Bertha! Verlebe den Tag noch recht Glucklich. Ich werde ihm in den weiten Ferne im Herzen feiern!

Ach, liebe Schwester, wie ganz anders war es doch voriges Jahr, wie unser guter Vater noch unter uns war. Mit schwerem Herzen muBen wir zuruckblicken auf dem VerluBt unseres guten Vaters. Aber es hat so sollen sein. Mein besten Dank fur die Neujahrskarte, und verseie, daB ich so nachlessig war, und dir zum neuen Jahr nicht Gratuliert habe. Ich wunschte, daB du dieses Jahr recht Glucklich und Zufrieden verleben magst. Ich will nun schleiBen, in der Hoffnung dich das Schreiben beim beste Gesundheit antreffen moge. Noch die herzlichen Gluckwunsche an Matthilde! Unter den herzlichsten GruBen, verbleibe ich dein dich stehts lebende Bruder, Otto. Viele GruBe an Familie Starke!

(From Otto Starke to his sister Bertha Starke in Milwaukee)

(printed on the stationary): “Greetings from Bunzlau”

The 10th of January, 1892

Dear Sister! Out of brotherly love I can’t avoid bringing you a little congratulations, and wish you from my heart, good health, joy, and what else still can make your heart happy. Dear sister Bertha! Live the day joyfully. I will celebrate it, though in the distance, in my heart!

Ach, dear sister, how totally different it was this last year, how we had our dear father still among us. With heavy hearts we have to look back on the loss of our good father. But, it had to be so. My best thanks for the New Year’s card, and forgive me, that I was so careless, and didn’t congratulate you on the New Year. I wish, that you may experience much joy and happiness this year. I will close now, in the hope that this writing finds you in the best of health. Heartfelt best wishes of joy to Matthilde! Under the heartiest of greetings, I remain, your constantly loving brother, Otto. Many greetings on the Starke family!.

Milwaukee, January 15, 1893

Liebe Mutter und Geschwister!

Ihre Lieben Brief von 28 Dezember, ’92 haben wir erhalten, und es freut uns, daB ihr alle gesund seid, und lust habt, zu uns zu kommen. Da macht Euch nur alle fertig, und in kurzer Frist werdet ihr alle Karten bekommen. Doch eins muB ich euch sagen: Wenn Ernst und Otto nicht mitkommen durfen, daB werde sehr unangenehm, den auf die rechne ich gerade, das Sie Euch, liebe mutter, und Schwestern, das Leben leicht machen werden. (written in polite form, 3rd person, royalty). Berthold wird ja eine gute hilfe sein, aber er ist doch noch ziemlich Jung. Jedoch, wenn Bertha luBt zum Arbeiten hat, so kann sie auch genug verdienen, und 2 personnen ganz anstandig, um 2 personnen ganz ansich zu ernahren. Nun, hort ich habe heute Abend mit den Agent gespochen. Er sagte mir die Militarpflichten konnten auch mitkommen, bloB sie musten alle ganz verschwiegen und still sein, und durfen nicht in Hamburg auf ein Schiff gehen, sondern von Antwerpen, Rotterdam oder Amsterdam bis nach England fahren.

Liebe Mutter, ich muB hier bemerken, daB es mir unmoglich war, Karten von Hamburg aus zu bekommen, weil es gesatzlich verboten ist, bis nach Hall in England muBt Ihr alle selbst bezahlen, und bitte ich Fritz sogleich davon zu benachrichtigen, weil ich im Gestern schrieb, die Karten waren von Hamburg aus gultig. Wenn ich die Karten von Hamburg aus bezahlt hatte, so hatte es @ Person $60 gekostet, von England aus kostet es nur $34 @ Person, und das habe ich von hier aus schon alles bezahlt, fur 15 Personnen. Fritz, seine Kinder, kommen alle fur die halbe Preis, und schreiben Sie Fritz, daB er alle unter 12 Jahren angibt. Wenn er die Altesten als 14 Jahre angibt, muB er voll fur ihn nachbezahlen, wenn er es auch bis nach England muB abreisen. Aber von England nach Amerika muB er sehen, daB er es durchgeht. Er muB nur behaupten, daB er bloB 12 Jahre alt ist. Die Englander sind nicht so schlimm, wie die Deutschen.

Liebe Mutter, es wahre ja schrecklich, wenn Ernst oder Otto Soldat werden muBen. Zwei oder drei Jahre herum geschunden werden, und dann viellicht noch Tot geschossen werden, und in der Zeit konnen sie hier in Amerika viel Geld verdienen. Aber sagen Sie nemandem etwas davon, was ich geschrieben habe. Mann kann kein Fremden Leute trauen. Und dann habe ich schon alles bezahlt, von Hall in England nichts mehr bezahlen, bis nach Milwaukee. Der Eisenbahn in England und Amerika, alles ist bezahlt. Auch habe ich noch ein Fehler Gestern an Fritz gemacht, wegen der Bank. Die Bank hier in Milwaukee, es soll South Side Savings Bank; Gestern schrieb ich bloB South Side Bank. Die Karten sind fur ein ganzes Jahr gultig, und Fritz wird euch alles sagen. Er bekommt alle Karten nach Hamburg geschickt. Ihr muBt doch sowieso dahin! Bringt alle eure Betten, Wasche und Kleider mit, aber mach alles erst grundlich rein, schtecht etwas Kampfer in die Kissen, und tragen ein Jeder etwas Kampfer bei sich. Jeder Erwachsenen Person gibt 100 Pfund Gepack frei, Kinder 50 Pfund. Fur 15 Personnen.

(Bertha Starke in Milwaukee to her mother Johanna Starke & siblings in Germany)

Milwaukee, January 15, 1893

Dear Mother and brothers & sisters!

We have received your loving letter from 28 December, 1892, and we rejoice, that you are all healthy, and want to come to us. So make yourselves all finished, and in a short time you will receive all the tickets. But, one thing I must say: when Ernst and Otto aren’t allowed to come, then that will be very uncomfortable, because I am counting on them especially, that they, dear mother, and sisters, will make your lives easier. Berthold will certainly be a good help, but he is still somewhat young. Nevertheless, when Bertha desires to work, she can certainly also earn enough, and two persons really well, to take care of two persons by herself. Now, listen! I spoke just this evening with the Agent. He told me that the militarily- required (drafted) ones can come with you, BUT they must all be very quiet about it and still, and aren’t permitted to get on the ship in Hamburg, but rather leave from Antwerp, Rotterdam or Amsterdam to travel to England.

Dear Mother, I must note here, that it was impossible, to get tickets to leave from Hamburg, because it is legally forbidden. You have to pay to as far as Hall, in England, yourselves, and I ask you please to tell Fritz about it right away, because I wrote him yesterday, that the tickets would be valid from Hamburg. If I would have bought the tickets from Hamburg, then it would have cost $60 a person, and from England to here it only cost $34 a person, and that I have paid for, from here, already, for 15 persons. Fritz, his children, all come for the half price, and you must write Fritz, that he has to say they are under 12 years old. When he says the oldest is 14 years old, then he has to pay extra for him, even though he only has to travel as far as England. But from England to here, he must make certain, that he does that. He only has to maintain, that he is only 12 years old. The English aren’t as bad as the Germans.

Loving mother: it would be terrible, when Ernst or Otto would have to be soldiers. Being shuttled around for two or three years, and then probably to be shot dead, and in that time they could be here in America earning a lot of money! But don’t tell anyone anything about it, what I have written. One can’t trust any foreign people. And then I have paid for everything already, from Hall in England you don’t have to pay anything more, to Milwaukee. The train in England and America, everything is paid for. Also, I have made yet another mistake yesterday (in my letter to) Fritz, regarding the bank. The bank here in Milwaukee, it should be South Side Savings Bank; yesterday I wrote only South Side Bank. The tickets are valid for an entire year, and Fritz will tell you everything. He will receive the tickets sent to Hamburg. You have to go there anyway! Bring all your bedclothes, underclothes, and clothing with you, but make everything first completely clean, stick some Camphor in the suitcases, and everyone should wear some Camphor on themselves. Every grownup can take 100 pounds of luggage free, and kids can take 50 pounds. For 15 people.

No date, no place, written in Hannover

Liebe Schwester Bertha!

Du wirdst dich viellicht wundern, daB ich einige Zeile an dich Richten. Hoffentlich wirdst du es mir doch nicht Ubel nehmen! Ich will dir kurz mitteilen, daB ich, wie du ja wissen wirdst, am 2 September, das Mutterliche Haus, die traute Heimate, verlassen habe. Bin uber Gorlitz, Dresden, Leipzig, Halle, Magdeburg, — (Karten?), Braunschweig, nach Hannover gereiBt. Habe am funften Oktober in einen feinen, sauberin rentablin Geschaft Arbeit genommen, als zwitten unter vier Gesellen. Mir gefallt es, und es geht sehr gut. Bin auch, Gott sei Dank, noch gesund, hoffe auch, ein gleiches von dir. Auch will ich dir mitteilen, daB Bruder Gustav vor einigen Tagen von Hannover weggemagt ist, um sich noch die Welt andiezusehen. Sein Wille war, nach dem Rhein. Liebe Schwester, nach Weihnachten, bedenke ich, Hamburg zu sehen. So will ich nun schlieBen, in der Erwartung, daB dich mein Schreiben, so wie es mich verlaBt, bei beste Gesundheit antrifft, und verbliebe ich, dein wohlmeinende Bruder, Ernst

Ernst Starke, Schlachtergesell, Hannover, EichstraBe 22

Bitte Schreibe mir bald wieder recht viel! Im Eile geschrieben!

(No date, no place, written in Hannover, Germany, probably before 1886 from Ernst Starke to his sister Bertha Starke in Milwaukee)

Dear sister Bertha!

You will probably ask yourself, why I’m sending you a few lines. Hopefully you won’t take it for evil! I want to quickly tell you, that I, as you probably know, left the mother house, the trusted home on September 2. I traveled through Gorlitz, Dresden, Leipzig, Halle, Magdeburg, (???) Karten (???), Braunschweig, to Hannover. On the fifth of October I took work in a fine, clean, rentable shop, as the second of four apprentices. I enjoy it, and it is going very well. I’m also, God be thanked, still healthy, and hope, the same is true for you. Also I want to tell you that brother Gustav left Hannover a few days ago, to see the world and everything for himself. His desire was to go to the Rhine. Dear sister, after Christmas, I think I will visit Hamburg. So, I want to close now, in the expectation, that this letter will reach you and find you, as it left me, in good health, and I remain, your well-meaning brother, Ernst. Ernst Starke, Butcher’s apprentice, Hannover, EichstraBe 22; please write me soon a great deal! Written in haste!

Kiel, Germany, 26 July, 1896

Innige geliebte Treue Schwester!

Dein uberalles liebe Schreiben erhielt ich am 13 Juli, wofur ich dir rechtherzlich danke! Es war mir wirklich, eine groBe Freude, nach so lange Zeit, wieder etwas von Familie zu horen. Liebe Bertha, unrecht, ja sehr unrecht, war es wohl von mir, daB ich Euch ihr Lieben so lange warten lieB, und bitte deshalb herzlich um Verseiung, und Vergebung meine schweren Sunden! Liebe Schwester! Sehr gefreut habe ich mich, daB Euch allen wohl geht, und das du schon in August in den Stand der geflichten Hosen treten wirdst (opportunity to mend her husband’s pants). Wunsche dir von Grunde meines Bruderliches Herzens, tausandfaches Gluck! Oh, wie gerne mochte ich am diesen Tage in Euer Mitte verweilen, wie gern mochte ich wieder einmal Euch alle wiedersehen. Sicherlich wird es doch, noch das wir doch alle einmal zusammen kommen konnen, was wir uns schon fruher oft wunschten.

Nun liebe Schwester, kann auch ich dir etwas neues mitteilen. Es war am 28 Marz, gerade am Tage, daB mein suBe Braut Geburtstag hatte, daB meine suBe Braut Abschied von mir erhielt, und unsere Verlobung gehoben wurde. Nun wirdst du auch wissen wollen, weshalb es so kam. Es wurde mirdurch Annanome Briefe mitgeteil, daB meine Braut eine Sauberen Lebenswandeln fuhre, und enschentlicher Weise schon in fruheste Jungend ihre Frauenehre sich rauben lieB, was mir allerdings nicht ganz recht gefiel. Auch meinen Lehrmeister, R. Schmidt, schrieb, und warnte mich, wo ich sofort das Band der Liebe loste. Es wurde mir ja schwer, aber was half es. Ich mochte doch nicht gern, wenn ich auch nur ein einfacher armer Schlachter bin, mein spateres Leben mit solch sitzsammen, tugenhaften Verbinden. Es war doch nicht schon, denn wenn Mann meint, in seine einsmaligen Heimat, eine treu liebende Seele zu wissen, und wenn es dann so mit einer mal durch solch eine Nachricht, in alle seinen Hoffnungsvollen Plannen enteuscht …doch es hat so sollen sein.

Ernst Starke

(From Ernst Starke to his sister Bertha Starke in Milwaukee)

Kiel, Germany, 26 July, 1896

Inwardly loved, true sister!

Your above all loving writing I have received on the 13th of July, for which I thank you from my heart! It was really a great joy, after such a long time, to hear something again from family. Dear Bertha, it was not right, yes, very wrong was it of me, that I let you, you dears, wait so long, and I plead for that reason for your understanding, and forgiveness of my heavy sins! Dear sister! I rejoiced a lot, that it goes well for all of you, and that you already in August will step into the opportunity to mend your husband’s pants (get married). I wish you from the bottom of my brotherly heart, a thousand times/ways of good luck! Oh, how gladly I would spend among you on this day, how gladly I would again once see you all again. Certainly it will happen again, that we can all come together once again, what we already often wished for ourselves earlier.

Now, dear sister, I can also share something new with you. It was on the 28th of March, exactly on the day, that my sweet fiance (written: “Bride”) had her birthday, that I took my leave of my sweet fiance, and broke off our engagement. Now you will probably also want to know, why it came to that. It was shared with me, through an anonymous letter, that my fiance hadn’t led a clean walk through life, and in a shameful way — already in her early youth — had let her womanly honor be stolen from her, which didn’t completely really please me too much. Also my schoolmaster, R. Schmidt, wrote, and warned me, so that I immediately broke the bond of love. It was very hard for me, but what help is that? I would not gladly want to spend the rest of my life, even also if I’m only a simple butcher, with such a devious, dishonest bond. It was not at all pretty, because when one thinks, in his own, one-time homeland, to know a true, loving soul, and then when, through such a report, he loses and is disappointed in all his hopeful plans … but, it had to be that way. Ernst Starke

Rockton, d. 20 Sept. 1896,

Liebe Bertha:

Dein Brief nebst Photographien haben wir erhalten. Besten Dank fur den schoenen Bildchen. Du siehst wirklich darauf aus, wie ein junges, gluckliches Frauchen, und Gustav sieht so gut aus, als ob er fur die nachste Wahl als Praisident Kandidat soll aufgestrickt werden. Das ist die schoenste Zeit, welche den Menschen auf dieser Erdenwanderung geboten werde. Wir freuen uns stehts, wenn wir dich glucklich sehen wissen. Moge der Lenker alle Schicksale auch fernerhin alles Unangenehmen von dir fern halten! Dies wunschen wir von Herzen, dein Bruder Fritz, und Schwiegerin Matthilde. Das es dir in Amerika sehr gut gehen wurde, davon war ich ja schon Uberzeugt, ehe wir von Deutschland fortreisten, der liebling deiner Bruders warst du ja immer! Und wirdst es auch bleiben.

Liebe Bertha, zur Hochzeit kann leider keiner kommen von uns. So leid es uns zu. Es ist uns ganz unmoglich, an die Post zufahren, da die Post zufahren ein sehr GroBartiges Ding ist! Da ein jeder erst eingeschworen wird, die fahren, wo es Karl ist, Karl hat gefahren als Fritz zwei Wochen das Betthutten muBte. Da sind ihm die Pferde durchgebraunt. Da der verluBt das Post von ???? mit 13 Jahren Gefangnes bestraft wird. Karl wurde von Wagen geschleudert. Es ist ihm nichts passiert. Die Pferde sind ungefahr vier Meilen fortgejagt, ehe sie eine Gemutlich gefangen hatte! Da habt er weitens das Posthoff an Ort an Stelle. Leider waren die durchgebrannt, durch brannerei, mit circa zehn dollar schaden verbunden. Da sehr vieles am Buggie und Geschir im Stucke war, und es ist hier auch alles andere vorhanden, als Agent der sagte, hier ist ein bose Moment fur uns alle. Die furchten fur uns, da futter fur den Winter eingenommen war. Den muB im Oktober erst unsere Zahlung vertig sind, und nachhier ist alles teuer. Erlaube mir, das ich den Hochzeitstag zu eine andere gelegenheit recht mache. Sei uns deshalb nicht bose; es wird uns wirklich schwer.

Anna und Henne hatten sich schon in Milwaukee auf deine Hochzeit gefreut, da wir immer davon gesprochen haben, denn den Tage die Gebirende Ehe anzutun! Nochmals unsere Herzlichen Gluckwunsch zu deine Hochzeitsfest. Im Gedanken werden wir bei euch sein. Herzlichen GruB an dich und an dein Gustav, so wie Mutter und Geschwister. Von euer Fritz, Matthilde und Kinder.

(From Fritz and Matthilde (Starke?) to their sister Bertha Starke in Milwaukee)

Rockton, the 20th of September, 1896

Dear Bertha:

Your letter we have received, with the photographs. Best thanks for the beautiful pictures. You really look on them, so like a young, happy little wife, and Gustav looks so good, as though he should be written in during the next election as presidential candidate! That is the most beautiful time, that man is offered during this wandering on the earth. We rejoice continually, when we see and know that you are happy. May the evil one hold all bad fortune, and also, further, all uncomfortable things far from you! This wish we from our hearts, your brother Fritz, and your sister-in-law Matthilde. That it would go very well for you in America, I was already convinced, because before we traveled from Germany, you were always the best beloved from all your brothers! And you will also remain so.

Dear Bertha, unfortunately none of us can come to your wedding. And it hurts us very badly. It is completely impossible for us, to travel on the Postage coach, because traveling on the Postage Coach is an important thing! Everyone first must take an oath, who drives, like Karl did. Karl drove while Fritz was sick in bed for two weeks. Then the horses broke away from him. The loss of the mail is punishable with thirteen years of jail. Karl was thrown from the wagon. Nothing happened to him. The horses ran wild for about four miles, before someone quietly caught them! So he had gone past the place where the postage yard was. Unfortunately the postage was burned through, through a burning, with about ten dollars of damage. Because the buggy and the halter were in a lot of pieces, although everything was available here, then the Agent told him, “here is a bad moment for us all”. They feared for us, because the feed was taken in for the winter. Then first in October must our payment be completed, and afterwards everything is very expensive. Permit me, that I can make it right for your wedding day at another time. Please don’t be mad with us because of that; it is really hard on us. Anna and Henne in Milwaukee have already rejoiced over your wedding, because we always spoke about it, that we would join in on the day of binding honor! Once again our heartfelt good lucks wishes for your wedding festival. We will be with you in our thoughts. Heartfelt greetings on you and on your Gustav, and also on Mother and siblings. From your Fritz, Matthilde and children.

1.1. 1897

Liebe Freudin!

Ich graduliere dir zum Neuen Jahr, und wunsche, daB es dich zur Segen, Gluck und….Auch Graduliere ich dir zu deine Geburtstage, das es Dir, wie ich gehort habe, im Ehestande auch rechtfreundlich verlaufen moge. Liebe Freundin, Du wirst schon lange auf eine Brief gewartet habe, aber immer vergebens. Du wirst voll recht bose sein, daB du so lange warten muBt! Der erste Brief ist mir veraltet, und hatte auch immer nicht gut Zeit,so Danke ich dir, denn nun zu erst fur deinen mir soliebenes Bild, daB du mir geschickt hast. Ich habe mich sehr gefreut daruber. Liebe Freundin! Den verlaufende Jahr hat uns alle in tiefe Trauer versetzt. Am 13 Januar uns der Tod unsere Gute Schwester Marie, so war den nun bereits ein Jahr verschwunden, daB wir die trauer Kleider bald ablegen wollen, doch der liebe Gott wollte es anders, den am funften Dezember erloste ein … Tod unsere liebe Gute Mutter, nach kurzem Krankenlager. Wir hatten es gar nicht geahnt, daB sie so schnell von uns gerissen werden sollte.

Liebe Freunde, ich befinde mich sonnst wohl und munter mit meine liebe Ehegattin. Auch der kleine Willie ist gesund. Er ist zu einem Hubschen Bub herangewachsen, und macht uns vielen viele spaB und Freunde. Wenn nur der lieben Vatter immmer noch Gesund bleibe, daB er unsere Freude am Kleinen immer noch mit uns teilen kannte. Ich werde nun schlieBen, mit der Hoffnung, daB Dich Meine Briefe bei beste Gesundheit antreffen mogen! Unter vielen GruBen verbliebe ich deine treue Freundin, Pauline Winde. Starke, Anna laBt dich auch bestens GruBen, und in (Mendel???) die Frau Hubner ist auch gestorben. Liebe Bertha, da ich deine Addresse nicht weiB, sende ich ihm an deine Bruder Berthold.

(From Pauline Winde (a friend) in Bunzlau (???), Germany to Bertha Starke Geerdts in Milwaukee

1.1. 1897

Dear friend:

I congratulate you for the New Year and wish, that it may find you in good health and happiness and … Also, I congratulate you for your birthday, that it will find you, as I have heard, going well in marriage. Dear friend, you will have already waited a long time for a letter, but always in vain. You will be righteously angry, that you must wait so long! The first letter got too old (I didn’t send it), and it was never a good time, so I thank you first of all for your so wonderful picture, that you sent me. I rejoiced very much over it. Dear friend! The past year has put us all in a deep mourning. On the 13th of January our good sister Marie met with death, so a year had almost passed, and we were ready to put aside our mourning clothes, but the loving God wanted it otherwise, because on the fifth of December freed a (sudden, surprizing?) death our loved, good mother, after a short illness. We didn’t even suspect, that she would be torn from us so quickly.

Dear Friend, I find myself otherwise well and good with my loving marriage partner. Also, the little Willie is healthy. He has grown up to a beautiful little boy, and gives us much fun and joy. If only the dear father will still stay healthy, so that he can still join with us in the joy of the little one. I will close, with the hope, that my letter will meet you in the best of good health! With many greetings I remain your true friend, Pauline Winde. Starke, Anna lets you also be greeted, and in Mendel (?) the Frau Hubner has also died. Dear Bertha, because I don’t know your address, I’ll send this letter through your brother Berthold.

Rockton, January 9, (1897)

Liebe Bertha und Gustav!

Zuerst, unserem besten Dank fur Eure Bild. Wir konnen das Look noch wiederholen, uber eure gutes aussehen, woruber wir uns schon das erste mal gefreut haben. Sollte ihr ein bild Ubrig haben, wir hatten gern eins nach Bruder Franz nach Hamburg zugeschickt. Ich weiB nicht, ob wir jedes mal ein gruB an euch bestellt haben. Er hat im jeden Brief nach Euch gefragt. Wie es Mutter und den Geschwistern geht: Liebe Bertha, ach, unsere innigesten Gluckwunsch zu deine ersten Geburtstag als Frau! Moge der gebe alle alles Freud und liez dir recht viele solche Tage in Kreise deine hoffentliche nicht alzuklein Nachkommenschaft schenken. Alles in Holle und Fulle zu besitzen, ist nicht die wahre Freude, sondern die Liebe und zufriedenheit sind die allein Glucklichmachenden Faktoren, auf dieser Welt. Ein eigenes Heim, zwei Menschen die sich gut sind, Gesundheit und ein zufriedenes Gemut, daB ist die Bedeutung das unsere des wahren Glucks, und alles ubrige was wir gluck nennen, gleich der Rose mit den Doren, oder der Schlange mit schoenen Kleider und dem Giftzang im Rachen.

Liebe Bertha! Wie werde es mit einen Besuch zum Fruhjahr? Falls du so lange abkommen konntest. Wie ware es mit Anna oder Mutter, den alle drei auf ein mal konntet ihr wohl nicht abkommen! Ihr seid alle herzlich Wilkommen. Ich werde nachtstens an Anna daruber schreiben. Zum schluB noch, es kommt hier voll eine Eisenbahn! Dann werden wir wohl keine drei Jahre hier wohnen. Ich habe zwei-drei Jahre Kontrakt, aber die Eisenbahn kaufe die Kontrakte auf. Wir senden alle nochmals GruB, und Gluckwunsch, Fritz, Matthilde und Kinder. Bitte um baldige Antwort! Bring bitte GruB an Matthilde, Anna, Richard, Berthold

(From Fritz and Matthilde (Starke?) to their sister Bertha Starke Geerdts in Milwaukee)

Rockton, Wisconsin January 9 (1897)

Dear Bertha and Gustav!

First of all, our best thanks for your picture (probably the wedding photo). We could repeat “the look” about how good you both look, that we already had rejoiced over the first time. Should you have an extra picture left, we would gladly send one to brother Franz in Hamburg. I don’t know, if we have greeted you every time. He has asked about you in every letter. How goes it with mother and the siblings? Dear Bertha, ach, our innermost best wishes to your first birthday as wife! We hope you get all, all joy, and let you have many such days in the circle of your hopefully not too few descendents. Everything in completeness and totality to possess, is not the true joy, but rather the love and peacefulness are the only factors that make us happy, in this world. An own home, two people who are good to each other, good health and a peaceful feeling, that is the meaning of our true happiness, and everything else, what we call happiness, is like the rose with the thorns, or the snake with its beautiful clothes and the poison teeth in anger.

Dear Bertha! How would it be with a visit for early year? In case you can come for so long. How would it be with Anna or mother, because all three at one time, you couldn’t possibly resist! You are all heartily welcome! I will write to Anna next about that. To close, though, a train is going to be built here!* Then we will not live here another three years more. I have a two-three year contract, but the train companies are buying up the contracts. We send everyone again greetings, and good lucks wishes, Fritz, Matthilde and children. We request please an answer soon! Please bring greetings on Matthilde, Anna, Richard, Berthold.
*Editor’s note: On a message board regarding Vernon County, where Rockton is, came a note that, although the Starke family was not in the 1870 Rockton census, he will check the 1900 census and believes I have the correct Rockton (WI, not ILL.) because: “Just found this marker in the Rockton WI Cemetery. Mathilde Starke 12 Jan 1857-4 Jul 1900 I will check the 1900 Census when I get a chance. The railroad never did get to Rockton.”

(From Pauline (Starke?) (Mrs. Theodore) Kastner, Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin, to her sister or half-sister Bertha Starke Geerdts in Milwaukee)

Medford, 6 August, 1898

Liebe Schwester und Schwager:

Eure leider so trauige nachricht haben wir erhalten. Wir senden unsere innigstes beileid. (we send our condolences). Es tat uns so von herzen Leid, daB die Kleine nicht lebt. DaB du, liebe, liebe Schwester, fur all die ausgestanden Schmerzen, nichts hast! Ja, es muB euch sehr schmerzlich sein! Liebe Schwester, wir konnen nun einmal gegen das Schichtzahl nichts tun. Ihr muB daran denken, der kleinen Engel hat das Beste, den was hat der Mensch aufs dieser Welt, alles fur Kummer und Sorgen. Liebe Schwester, wir muBen Gott danken, daB es nicht umgekehrt ist! Das es nicht umgekehrt ist! Ach, ich kann mir diesen Gedanken nicht ausdenken! Es hat uns gefreut, das du wieder ziemlich munter bist. Ich glaube es dir gern, das es dir wohgetan hat, daB die Mutter um dich hast, denn die liebenden mutter vermag alle schmertzen zulinden (the loving mother may reduce all pain). Wenn es einen einmal schlecht geht, so ist es immer meine erste gedanke die Mutter.

Liebe Schwester! Wenn ihr uns einmal besuchen konnt, und wie gerne hatten wir die Mutter einmal hier gehabt, aber man kann es gar nicht verlangen, denn es kostet zu viel. Aber die Reise ist annenversich ist sehr schon, es Bietet viel abwechslung. Die letzte Station vor Medford muB man umsteigen. Wenn du Muttern jetzt hier warest, wir haben so viel Hinbeeren in unseren Bush. Aber ich bekomme keine Zeit zu denn, denn ich habe noch Notigere Arbeit. Wir haben viel zu tun. Es hat hier zu viel Kartoffelnkafer, die mussen uber andere Tage abgekopft werden, in einen GefaB, und verbrut, sonnst fressen sie das Kraut total. Oh, Raupen (caterpillers) in Kraut hat’s auch genug! Die Zeit vergeht uns sonnst sehr schnell.

Sonnst sind wir ziemlich gesund, auch das Fieh ist Fiedel. Nichts neues weiB ich, sonnst nichts zu schreiben. Wir wunschen und hoffen, daB ihr nebst selbst gesund seid, liebe Schwester. Warte nicht so lange auf, daB du schreibst! AuBerdem, seid noch herzlich gegruBt, von eure Pauline, nebst Theodore.

Liebe Schwester, gruBe auch Hans und die Schweigereltern.

Geliebte Mutter: Auch will ich hier ein Paar Worte mitteilen. Wir sprechen sehr viel von dir; wir mochten gerne wieder etwas von dir horen. Viellicht bist du doch Gesund… hast sonnst wieder was von dir horen lassen. Wie geht es den anderen Geschwistern? Von Berthold scheinen wir ganz vergessen zu sein. Wie geht es ihm? Liebe Mutter, schreibe uns recht bald einmal. Wir konnen es immer nicht erwarten, denn du wartest immer zu Lange! Fur Heut’ lebe wohl, und seit gegruBt in innigste Liebe, von deine Kindern, Pauline und Theodore.

(From Pauline (Starke?) (Mrs. Theodore) Kastner, Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin, to her sister or half-sister Bertha Starke Geerdts in Milwaukee)

Medford, 6 August, 1898

Dear Sister and Brother-in-law!

We have received your unfortunately so tragic news. We send our innermost condolences. It makes us so sad, from our hearts, that the little one didn’t live. That you, dear, dear sister, after all the outstanding pain, have nothing! Dear sister, we can’t even once do anything contrary to fate. You must think on this, that the little angel has the best, because what have men in this world, everything is worry and grief. Dear sister, we must thank God, that it is not reversed! Ach, I can’t even begin to comprehend that thought! It made us glad, that you are somewhat better in spirit. I believe you gladly, that it did you good, to have Mother around, because the loving mother lays all pain aside. When it goes poorly for me, always my first thought is on the Mother.

Dear Sister! If only you could visit us, and how gladly we would have liked to have Mother here, but one can’t require that, because it costs too much. But the trip, in and of itself, is very pretty, and offers a lot of changes. One must transfer at the last station before Medford. If mother were here, we have so many raspberries on our bush! But I don’t get enough time to tend to that, because I have more pressing work. We have a lot to do. There are a lot of potato beetles, they must be picked off the plants during the day, put in a jar, and (??? somehow kill them), otherwise they will destroy the cabbage. Oh, there are also plenty of caterpillars in the cabbage! Otherwise, time passes quickly for us!

Otherwise we are all pretty healthy, and the animals are also doing well. I don’t know anything new, and nothing new to write. We wish and hope, that you and yours are healthy, dear Sister. Don’t wait so long, until you write! Otherwise, our heartfelt greetings, from your Pauline and Theodore. Dear sister, also greet Hans and the in-laws!

Dearest Mother (to Johanne Starke): I also want to add a few words. We speak often of you; we would gladly hear from you again. Maybe you are still healthy, otherwise we probably would have heard something from you. How goes it with the other brothers and sisters? Berthold seems to have totally forgotten us. How is he? Dear Mother, write us right away, once. We are always anxious, because you always wait too long! For today, live well, and be greeted with the most heartfelt love, from your children, Pauline and Theodore.

Von Otto: Probably around 1898, when the mother was in Milwaukee.

Liebe Mutter und Geschwister!

Liebe Mutter! Ich komme mit eine Bitte an dich. Wolltest du viellicht so gut sein, und mir paar oder drei glaubendrei auf der Hemden schicken? Die brauchen Waschen, weil sie zu schmutzig werden, und wenn ich hier kaufe, sind sie zu teuer. Viellicht ist Anna so gut, und macht die Hemden, aber sobald als moglich, das ich sie Sonntag hier haben. Lieben Mutter, sei so gut und lege noch ein Halstuch mitbei. Ich hatte das vergessen, und ich habe keines. Sei so gut und lege das Geld vorlaufig aus. Wenn ich wieder hin komme, mache ich alles gleich. Ich bin von Milwaukee wieder ganz gut zuruckgekommen. Herr Weber war ganz gut zu mir. Er hat nichts gesagt, das ich so lange war. Was meine Gesundheit anbetrift, ist es noch beim Alten. Ich muB nun SchlieBen, meine lieben, mit dem Wunsch, daB ihr alle Gesund und munter seid, und mit der Hoffnung, daB ihr mir bald einmal schreibt. Und Bruder Richard Arbeit hat beim Meinecke. Mit dem herzlichste GruBe an euch alle, verbleibe ich euch stehtsliebende Otto.

Kann nicht mehr Siteseeing, verreise mir die Schlacterschrift, es ist schon ziemlich dunkel.

(From Otto Starke somewhere in Wisconsin, to his mother Johanne Starke, and his sister Bertha Starke Geerdts, probably around 1898, when Johanne (mother) was in Milwaukee.)

Dearest Mother and siblings!

Dear mother! I come, with a plea to you. Would you maybe please be so good, and send me a pair or three nice shirts? Mine need washing, because they are so dirty, and when I buy them here, they are too expensive. Maybe Anna would be so nice, and make the shirts, but as soon as possible, so that I have them here by Sunday. Dear mother, be so good and lay a scarf with it. I have forgotten that, and I don’t have one. Be so good and lay the money out freely. When I come again there, I’ll make everything even. I have come back from Milwaukee really well. Mr. Weber was very nice to me. He didn’t say anything, about that I was so long. Concerning my health, it is the same as before. I must now close, my loved ones, with the wish, that you are all healthy and well, and with the hope, that you will write me once, soon. And brother Richard has work at Meinecke. With the most heartfelt greetings on you all, I remain, your always loving, Otto. I can’t do any more sight seeing, and forgive my terrible writing, it is already somewhat dark.

(From Theodore Kastner, Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin, to his sister in law or half-sister-in-law Bertha Starke Geerdts in Milwaukee)

undated letter, probably August, 1889 or so):

Von Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin

Geliebe Schwester und Schwager:

Wohl ist es auch an der Zeit, daB ich euch Schreibe. Wie ich gehort habe, geht es euch beiden recht gut, was wir auch euch von Herzen gonnen. Uns geht es trauig. Wir haben dieses Jahr kein Futter fur’s Vieh anbauen (couldn’t plant anything for the Cattle) konnen, und konnen jetzt keins mehr kaufen. Wenn wir uns kein Pferd und Ackergerate kaufen konnen, so mussen wir davon laufen. Da konnen wir nicht leben. Land haben wir sehr viel, aber mit den Handen ist das unmoglich. Arbeit bekommt Theodore mit den Webern (loom) nicht. Jetzt steht die Kuh trocken, (dry, expecting a baby), keine Eier habe ich jetzt, auch nicht zu bekommen. Das Salz nicht kaufen. Bruder August und Rose hatten uns in dem eine Brief geschrieben, sie wollten uns auf die Beine helfen, und uns Geld borgen, zum Pferd, und das notigste, wo der Acker gereinigt werden kann. Da haben sie noch gefragt, wie viel wir brauchen. Da haben wir um vierzig dollar gebeten, den Pferde sind hier teuer, und gute Arbeitsgescheir (yokes/halters) kosten sechzehn ($16) dollars. Aber wir wissen nichts; wir haben nach diesen keine Antwort mehr bekommen. Ich traue jetzt nicht mehr anzufragen, aber da sie es angeboten hatten…. . November wird es wieder besser. Dann hat die Kuh, das Kalb; wenn es glucklich voruber geht, wollen wir uns das Kalb aufziehen, und somit konnten wir noch vorwarts kommen. Ohne Pferd aber nicht.

Liebe Schwester und Schwager! Ich bitte Euch herzlich, borgt uns funf dollar, sonnst muBen wir sie diese Woche totschlagen (the pigs). Bis jetzt habe ich sie lauter Kartoffeln gefuttert, aber sie werden bald alle (they’ll soon be gone). Fritz habe ich gebetten, er soll uns wenigsten die Zinnsen schicken, die wir zu zahlen haben. (interest money) Viellicht konnen wir es Euch nachstes Jahr wieder zuruckgeben. Wir wollen ja keinen was schuldig bleiben. Heute ist Bruder Richard’s Geburtstag; wir lassen auch herzlich gratulieren. Wie geht es Muttern? Nun, sie ist wohl Kranklich, sie kann uns recht leid tun. Wie geht es bei Bruder August? Sie haben jetzt auch viel kummer. Bitte liebe Schwester, geh doch einmal hin, und erkundige dich, ob sie unsere Briefe erhalten haben. Hoffenlich seid ihr sonnst gesund, liebe Schwester und Schwager. Ich bitte nochmals rechtherzlich um funf dollar, wenn es geht, recht bald!

Seid herzlich geGruBt, anbei, Bruder August Kestner(?) und Eva(?) Mutter soll recht bald wieder mal schreiben. Ich bitte nochmals, um baldige Antwort.

Theodore Kestner, Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin

(From Theodore Kastner, in Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin, to his sister in law or half-sister-in-law Bertha Starke Geerdts in Milwaukee)

undated letter, probably August, 1889 or so):

Theodore Kastner, from Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin

Dear sister and brother in law:

Finally is the time, that I write you. As I have heard, it is going well for both of you, what we hope from the heart for you. It’s going sadly for us. This year we couldn’t plant and harvest any feed for the cattle, and can’t buy any more now. If we couldn’t have bought a horse and granary tools, we would have had to walk away from it (the farm). There we couldn’t live. We have a lot of land, but (to work) by hand it is impossible. Theodore isn’t getting any work with the loom. Now the cow stands dry (no milk, expecting a calf), I don’t have any eggs, and there aren’t any to be had. Can’t buy salt. Brother August and Rose wrote us in a letter, they wanted to help us get on our feet, and lend us money, for the horse, and the necessary things to clean the granary. So they asked, how much we needed. So we have asked for forty dollars, the horses here are expensive, and good work tools (yokes and collars) cost sixteen dollars. But we don’t know anything; after that we haven’t gotten any more answers (from them). Now, I don’t trust anymore to ask about it, except, they did offer it….

In November it will be better again. Then the cow will have had her calf. When all goes well with that, we want to raise the calf ourselves, and with that we can still go forwards. But not without a horse.

Dear Sister and brother-in-law! I ask you from my heart, lend us five dollars, otherwise we must kill them (the pigs) this week. Until now I have only fed them potatoes, but soon they will be gone. Fritz I have asked, he should send us at least the interest/tax money, that we have to pay. Maybe we can give it back to you next year. We certainly don’t want to remain in debt to anyone. Today is brother Richard’s birthday; we let him be greeted from our hearts. How is mother? Now, if she is really sick, she can make us sad. How goes it by brother August? They also now have much worry. Please dear sister, go there once, and ask, if they have received our letter. Hopefully you are otherwise healthy, dear sister and brother-in-law. I ask please once again, from my heart, for five dollars, if possible, really soon! Be greeted from our hearts, and also brother August Kestner, and Eva. Mother should write us real soon again. I plea again, for a quick answer. Theodore Kestner, Medford, Taylor County, Wisconsin.

(From Fritz and Matthilde (Starke?) to their sister Bertha Starke in Milwaukee)

Rockton, 10 January, 1899

Liebe Bertha! Unsere herzlichen Gluckwunsch zu deine Wiegenfeste. Moge der liebe Gott ihr statig Gesundheit und Zufriedenheit verliehen, denn das sind doch die hochsten ererdischen Guter, die zu Menschlichen Gluck gehoren! Auch unserem Besten Dank fur die Aufmerksamkeit zum Neuen Jahr! Der Knecht Ruprecht war nach gewohnter Weise wieder eingekehrt. Fur Pappa hatte er ein selbstgearbeites Oberhemp, und Tabakkasten, sechs Tassentucher, Spielkarten, und einen Striechholzdoze. Fur Mama ist der viel Kuchengeschire, Kuchenhandtuche und Bluenbord. Fur die Kinder, alle notigen Kliedungsstucke und FuBzeug. Und fur die beiden Kleinen, extra, einen groBe Puppe.

Am Weihnachtsabend waren wir alle zum Weihnachsbescheirung. Die Erwachsenen so wie die Kinder haben ihre Stucke und Gesang sehr schon vorgetragen. Wir haben uns sehr schon ammusiert. Viele GruBe an deinen lieben Mann, GroBmutter, Henne, und auch der Grovester(?). Zum SchluB, noch ein Hoch auf das Gerburtstag Kind! Von eurem Fritz, Mattilde und Kinder. P.S. Liebe Bertha! Die Rockton Ladies sagen, die Henne wird zur Fett. Die muB dir unbedingt den Brodkorb hoher hangen!

(From Fritz and Matthilde (Starke?) to their sister Bertha Starke in Milwaukee)

Rockton, 10 January, 1899

Dear Bertha! Our heartfelt best wishes for your Birthday. We hope God will lend you continual good health and peacefulness, because those are the highest over-earthly possessions, that belong to human joy! Also, our sincere thanks that you wished us well for the New Year. Santa Klaus arrived as usual. For papa, he brought a handmade overshirt, a tobacco case, six handkerchiefs, playing cards, and a match container. For mama there were a lot of kitchen plates, cups, etc., kitchen towels, and a cuttingboard. For the children, all the necessary pieces of clothing and footwear. And for the two little ones, extra, a big doll.

On Christmas Eve we were all at the Christmas presentation of gifts. (possibly the Catholic religious tradition & Mass: “The Procession of the Gifts”, where people bring food & gifts to church and lay them in from of the altar where the statue of the Christ Child & His mother Mary are) The grownups as well as the children said their pieces and sang very beautifully. We amused ourselves a lot. Many greetings to your dear husband, grandmother, hens, and also the Grovester (probably another pet???) To finish, yet another best wishes to the birthday child! From Fritz, Matthilde and children. P.S. Dear Bertha! The Rockton ladies say, the hen is getting too fat. You must absolutely hang the breadbasket higher!

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Contact Bertha Starke Geerdts’ great-grandson David Kuhns at da.kuhns@gmail.com